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Varieties | Adaptation | Usage | Preparation | Seeding |
Maintenance
Diseases | Fertilizers | Mowing | Pasture | Pests | Weeds |
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Annual Ryegrass (Italian)
lolium multiflorumPerennial Ryegrass
Lolium perenne
Ryegrasses are cool season grasses used more for their
fast growing capability in overseeding grasses located in milder winter areas. |
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Annual ryegrass is used to overseed Southern lawns
during fall / winter / early spring periods. Perennial ryegrass is
also used both as a sports / play lawn and for overseeding. Keep the ryegrasses mowed
around 1.5 to 2 inches and fertilize for lawns at a rate of 1/2 lb. of Nitrogen per 1000
sq. ft. per month during the growing season of late fall to early spring.
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MAINTENANCE:
Lawn - When grown in as a single stand for lawns fertilize on
schedule to maintain thicker, even growth. Mowing will be required frequently on grounds with good
moisture levels to maintain the fast growing rye in a more even lawn appearance.
Water extensively in dry seasons where rainfall is not adequate.
WEEDING: When annual rye is sown at the heavier seeding rate the
grass can usually compete with the weeds if the weeds were removed in the
preliminary stage of lawn preparation.
FERTILIZATION: LAWNS planted in annual ryegrass need more
fertilization than many other grasses. This is a fast growing bunching grass and
needs a consistent amount of nitrogen. A balance ratio of 3-2-1 fertilizers can be used
when soil tests are not taken. This is not ideal but it is an easy way to remember and
apply as the fertilizer directions state. Fertilizer needs to be applied every four to six
weeks during the growing season only.
FERTILIZATION: PASTURES seeded in annual
ryegrass require additional fertilization about five weeks after planting and whenever the
forage is thinning due to higher amounts of irrigation water or plenty of extra rainfall present. In mowing or haying, fertilization usually
follows to stimulate lush regrowth. Soil tests
will help to determine the amount of fertilizer that is needed. Never over fertilize
as excessive runoff and land or water pollution will be the end result. LIME when necessary! Lime will help any
plant that needs it to assimilate as much of the fertilizer components as possible without
wasting so much.
RESEED YEARLY and TAKE SOIL SAMPLES EVERY TWO TO THREE YEARS
BEFORE RESEEDING
MAINTENANCE:
Perennial Ryegrass Lawns require frequent mowing to keep up with the growth and can be
mow quite close. The perennial rye lawn can last from three to possibly five years or more
with good management and weather conditions.
WATERING: Perennial ryegrass requires medium levels of water to keep
producing. Water only when need and deeply until soil is moist not soaked.
FERTILIZER needs to be added every four to six weeks during the
growing months. Follow the directions on the product chosen for best results.
RESEED when necessary and use different varieties to add
to the existing lawn. Look for new varieties developed for the problems the existing stand has
encountered in the past.
Better disease and insect resistance or better drought tolerance and even better
performing varieties
have been bred for growing further north or south. The addition of companion grass species
for problem areas can also be sown when reseeding. Many lawns are reseeded with the same
varieties over and over because owners do not know that grasses can be mixed as long as
you stay in the same species family.
Soil testing and aeration on a regular annual basis will improve any existing lawn.
High usage or heavy clay lawns often require more frequent aeration
for best performance.
PASTURE
FERTILIZATION: Pastures require high fertility to stimulate maximum growth
in the forage material as well as the added weight gains in the livestock. The usage
will ultimately determine the amount of fertilizer used. For example when hay is cut
fertilizer is applied to spur new growth for the next cutting. Grazing requires less
amounts per year. Silage, green chop, haying, grazing, and whether companion crops are
mixed in with the grass determines your fertilization needs. Contacting your county agent or government
USDA office can give you the exact answers to the question of how much do I need to apply.
Soils, climate and water all make a difference and there is always the rule of thumb
answer but that will not maximize your time or money spent wisely.
Perennial is a higher maintenance grass than many others, grows
rapidly, and should be kept to keep at 6 inches. for grazing, 10 inches for silage.
The crop can be mown to within 3 inch for fast re-growth, this could be especially a good
time after a dryer spell where the growth wasn't as good as expected and water wasn't
available.
Soil testing and adding newer varieties into thinning stands will help
develop a new pasture without completely renovating an older one.
RYEGRASS has many disease and some insects that are attracted to the
grass. Diseases must be recognized for what they are and dealt with immediately. Insect
problems can require the use of chemicals also and it is important to get this information
from specialist in your area and follow the instructions correctly. If weeds are
problematic pre-emergence measures can be taken if used early enough without hurting the
grass. Again read the instructions to see if the product can be used on the grass in
question.
Lawns: Choices | States
| Diseases | Fertilizers | Irrigation | Mowing
| Pests | Weeds
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